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RESEARCH NOTES include preliminary or summary descriptions of research methods and/or results that do not yet address their full theoretical, policy or practical implications. The intention is to provide researchers and practitioners with a forum for presenting interesting but preliminary ideas, methodologies, or results in the spirit of fostering reflection and dialogue.

Dr. J. Michael Campbell is Associate Professor of Recreation Management and Community Development, Physical Education and Recreation Studies, University of Manitoba. His research focuses primarily on social and physical impacts of human activities in parks and protected areas and the human dimensions of fish and wildlife and their links to sustainable tourism. He is founder and past chair of the Parks and Protected Areas Research Forum of Manitoba. He can be contacted at Michael_Campbell@umanitoba.ca, 112 Frank Kennedy Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R3T 2N2

Dr. David Walker is an Assistant Professor in Environment, Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba. His research and teaching focus on geomatics in biological systems, remote sensing, bio-metric applications, and ecosystem investigations in grassland and boreal forest environments. He can be contacted at djwalkr@cc.umanitoba.ca

Borden Smid is a Ph.D. candidate in Environment, Earth and Resources, University of Manitoba. He is a sessional instructor and research assistant in the Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute. His interests include understanding natural resource use as habitat use, traditional resource uses, management of natural areas with agricultural techniques and periphery tourism. He can be reached at borden_smid@umanitoba.ca

Dr. Richard Kenith Baydack is Associate Dean and Professor in Environment, Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba. His research focuses on developing practical applications of ecosystem management of habitat to conserve biodiversity. Recent emphasis has centered on the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, North American Grouse Partnership, Manitoba Ecosite Project, and determination of the effects of human activities on species survival. He can be contacted at baydack@ms.umanitoba.ca

(1) Recreational Opportunity Spectrum, Limits of Acceptable Change, Visitor Impact Management, Visitor Activity Management Process, Visitor Experience and Resource Protection Table 1: A comparison of several boreal river recreational species.

Conflict

Resource Potential

Spatial Temporal Specificity with other

Requirements Requirements and Intensity species at Recreational for main for main of Use for moderate Species activity activity main activity levels of use Canoeist Site level to Spring or high/low High

regional during intensity

high water Moose Site level Fall/but high/medium Medium

Hunters depends on intensity

legislated

timing Fly-in Site to local All seasons medium/medium Low

Fishing level but poor intensity

late fall

and spring Table 2: An overview of the river system, strata and section parameters identified by purist experts for the boreal canoeist rHSI framework Hierarchy-level Description River system Accessibility The accessibility as it relates to getting access/egress to/from the river system; access and egress

may be de-coupled Trip Time Length of trip relative to start location Combined Strata Combined strata Si's weighted by preference Suitability and proportion Combined Impacts Degree of on-river and off-river impacts

(litter, roadways etc.) Strata Alternative Routes The suitability/availability of alternate

routes (lake strata only) Combined Rapid Overall rapid suitability weighted by Suitability interspersion Combined Campsite Overall Suitability of campsites derived from Suitability the sections Combined Portage Overall ranking or suitability of portages in Suitability a strata Combined Impacts The overall impacts to a strata from sections Section Campsite Suitability Weighted suitability of all campsites along

the section Nearest neighbor or The interspersion of rapids of various classes interspersion of rapids along a section Combined Suitability of Weighted suitability of all portages along the Portages section Combined Viewshed of the Weighted suitability of the viewsheds section Combined Suitability of Weighted suitability of attractions (cultural Attractions and ecological) Site Campsite Tent Pads Tent pads at a site Fire pits Availability of fire pits Firewood Availability of firewood Rock Furniture Rock furniture presence and suitability Landings and site access Accessibility: egress to/from river and boat

moorings Impacts Impact class of the site Campsite Area Total area of campsite Aesthetics Viewshed, sightlines from campsite Rapid Class Class of rapid Length Length Distance from/to next Context/sequence of rapids rapid Portage Length Total length of portage Substrate Conditions Ground obstructions, moist soils, etc. that

impede movement Canopy Obstructions Low canopy and branches that impede movement Attraction Viewshed An SI under development based on structure and

perception Cultural Feature Aboriginal features (e.g. rock paintings,

petroglyphs) Ecological Feature Ecologically unique feature (rare plants,

edibles, etc.)