R&D alliances and the effect of experience on innovation: a focus on the semiconductor industry.

7 8 9 1. PATENT 2. EXPERIENCE (LOG) 3. PATENT (FIRM) 4. PATENT (PARTNER) 5. TECH DIVERSITY 6. TECH DIVERSITY2 7. INTERNATIONAL 1.000 8. MULTILATERAL -0.204 *** 1.000 9. OTHER ALLIANCE -0.069 -0.073 1.000 10. YEAR98 -0.052 0.072 -0.015 11. SCOPE NARROW 0.032 -0.031 -0.055 12 SCOPE BROAD -0.114 -0.014 0.117 Mean 0.38 0.13 0.86 Median 0.00 0.00 1.00 Minimum 0.00 0.00 0.00 Maximum 1.00 1.00 1.00 Standard deviation 0.49 0.34 0.35

10 11 12 1. PATENT 2. EXPERIENCE (LOG) 3. PATENT (FIRM) 4. PATENT (PARTNER) 5. TECH DIVERSITY 6. TECH DIVERSITY2 7. INTERNATIONAL 8. MULTILATERAL 9. OTHER ALLIANCE 10. YEAR98 1.000 11. SCOPE NARROW -0.004 1.000 12 SCOPE BROAD -0.115 -0.217 *** 1.000 Mean 0.29 0.29 0.14 Median 0.00 0.00 0.00 Minimum 0.00 0.00 0.00 Maximum 1.00 1.00 1.00 Standard deviation 0.46 0.45 0.35 Significant at * 10%, ** 5%, and *** 1% level for one-tailed tests. Table 4 Previous Alliance Experience and Innovative Performance

1 2 INTERCEPT -3.967 -3.647 EXPERIENCE (LOG) 0.365 *** EXPERIENCE (COUNT) 0.058 *** EXPERIENCE > 0 EXPERIENCE = 1-5 EXPERIENCE = 6-10 EXPERIENCE > 10 PATENT (FIRM) 0.001 *** 0.001 *** PATENT (PARTNER) 0.000 0.000 TECH DIVERSITY 25.381 *** 24.924 *** TECH DIVERSITY2 -18.839 *** -18.630 *** INTERNATIONAL 0.203 0.185 MULTILATERAL 0.741 ** 0.798 ** OTHER ALLIANCE 0.314 0.321 YEAR98 -0.012 -0.037 SCOPE NARROW 0.037 0.009 SCOPE BROAD 0.673 0.637 n 182 182 Wald chi-square 201.54 207.02

3 4 INTERCEPT -2.901 -3.649 EXPERIENCE (LOG) EXPERIENCE (COUNT) EXPERIENCE > 0 0.910 * EXPERIENCE = 1-5 0.776 EXPERIENCE = 6-10 0.441 EXPERIENCE > 10 1.489 ** PATENT (FIRM) 0.001 *** 0.001 *** PATENT (PARTNER) 0.000 0.000 TECH DIVERSITY 21.313 ** 23.099 *** TECH DIVERSITY2 -17.050 ** -17.130 *** INTERNATIONAL 0.247 0.189 MULTILATERAL 0.823 ** 0.670 ** OTHER ALLIANCE 0.514 0.220 YEAR98 -0.068 -0.039 SCOPE NARROW 0.202 0.084 SCOPE BROAD 0.681 0.583 n 182 182 Wald chi-square 174.43 178.34 Note: Negative binomial estimation. Dependent variable is citation-weighted patents issued to each firm in a postalliance period. Positive coefficients indicate increased patent output. Significant at * 10%, ** 5%, and *** 1% level for one-tailed tests. Table 5 Previous Alliance Experience and Innovative Performance

5 6 INTERCEPT -1.986 -1.635 EXPERIENCE: 1 YEAR 0.067 EXPERIENCE: 2 YEARS 0.162 ** EXPERIENCE: 3 YEARS 0.196 *** EXPERIENCE: 4 YEARS -0.112 EXPERIENCE: 5 YEARS -0.011 EXPERIENCE: 6 YEARS 0.063 EXPERIENCE: YEARS 1 AND 2 0.122 EXPERIENCE: YEARS 3 AND 4 0.096 ** EXPERIENCE: YEARS 5 AND 6 0.013 PATENT (FIRM) 0.001 *** 0.001 *** PATENT (PARTNER) 0.000 0.000 TECH DIVERSITY 22.589 ** 22.086 ** TECH DIVERSITY2 -17.257 *** -17.421 *** INTERNATIONAL 0.068 0.069 MULTILATERAL 0.805 ** 0.791 OTHER ALLIANCE 0.091 0.086 YEAR98 0.039 * 0.049 * SCOPE NARROW -0.128 -0.118 SCOPE BROAD 0.592 0.799 n 182 182 Wald chi-square 221.22 221.54 Note: Negative binomial estimation. Dependent variable is citation-weighted patents issued to each firm in a postalliance period. Positive coefficients indicate increased patent output. Significant at * 10%, ** 5%, and *** 1% level for one-tailed tests.