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MARTIN PERRY

Department of Management & Enterprise Development

Massey University

Wellington, New Zealand TABLE 1: POTENTIAL DISTINGUISHING ATTRIBUTES OF CLUSTERS AND INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS Group attributes Cluster Industry association Membership Localised memberships Interaction limited in interaction supports interaction favour of third party

coordination Ability to High in a small group Large, dispersed influence membership and weak activity attachment limit

influence Development Representation of only National coverage of collective part of the national supports investment in resources industry limits ability collective resources

to promote collective

resources Information Small groups have limited Industry wide networks dissemination capacity to collect and third party

information on industry coordination facilitate

wide developments information collection

and dissemination Group cohesion High with shared Low with diverse

interests focused on population of weakly

regional specialisation attached enterprises,

and common business high among an 'in group'

environment, weak with sharing common political

mix of large and small outlook

enterprise with differing

resources and challenges Ability to lobby Primarily effective Primarily effective for and influence for regional government national government regulation relations relations Membership High because of Low because of ability commitment visibility of low to free ride and rely

commitment third party on

administration TABLE 2: CLUSTER GROUPS IN THE NEW ZEALAND FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRY 2005

Southern Northland

Wood Council Wood Processing Year started 2001 2002 Membership 21 fee paying members 14 fee paying

members Share of High:2 sawmills have High:2 large sawmills potential declined to join although absent and 3 small membership they do support some mills, all located away

cluster activity from other members Sector Forest owners, sawmillers Sawmillers and timber representation and timber processors processors Stakeholder Port companies participation Local authorities

Government ministry Organisational Incorporated Society Linked to Enterprise form Northland Main activity Cluster meetings Cluster meetings

Annual Forest 'Logs to Jobs Tour'

Industries Profile Annual survey of

Forest open days and member activity