Media noted and received.

Archive Style: Photographs & Illustrations for U.S. Surveys, 1850-1890, by Robin Kelsey. University of California Press/288 pp./$49.95 (hb).

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]

Photographs and illustrations of nineteenth-century geologic and geographic surveys play an integral role in how one considers the history of the United States throughout a period of expediential growth and expansion. The iconic quality of this vast visual record continues to dominate the study and consideration of this time period. In Archive Style: Photographs & Illustrations for U.S. Surveys, 1850-1890, Robin Kelsey identifies these visual artifacts, and the archive itself, as products of necessity, innovation, and invention--each shaping how historical events are visualized and remembered. Utilizing a wide variety of photographs and illustrations from both celebrated and lesser-known landscape surveys, Kelsey considers the pictorial and modernist influence visible in the work of this period. The author begins with a detailed critique of the surveys and how the circumstances and physicality of equipment and place require a reevaluation of the product of these efforts. Considering both the individual photographer and the archive, Kelsey highlights influences well beyond what is pictured and actively questions what is not. Innovation and invention are seen as a product of both the photographer and the modern state's archive. The objectivity of the archive itself is rightly questioned. What emerges is the realization that methods of what is remembered and archived are as rich and divisive as the artifacts. The strength of the surveys is not solely based on the represented subjects, but on the visualization of the subjects within a tightly structured hierarchy. Kelsey argues that the artist-photographers consciously developed and innovated the technique and medium in the representation of visual artifacts, often in the face of rigid established norms. Archive Style masterfully combines both contemporary art and social history debates regarding past and present interpretations of visual culture and the archive itself.

MATT WALKER is a history instructor at Monroe Community College and an MFA student at Visual Studies Workshop in Rochester, New York.

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