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(1.) t = 2.44, df= 4078, p = .015.

(2.) F-ratio = 20.89, df= 887, p < .001.

Chris Ryan is a professor in the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Waikato Management School, New Zealand (caryan@waikato.ac.nz). Gu Huimin is professor and deputy dean of the School of Tourism Management, Beijing International Studies University, and vice president, Beijing Hospitality Institute, China (guhuimin@bisu.edu.cn). A grant toward travel received from the University of Waikato Management School Contestable Bids Fund is also acknowledged, as is the support of the China Tourist Hotel Association, the China National Tourist Administration, and the project fund of China Hotel Industry Database from Beijing International Studies University.

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