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Larry W. Hughes

David K. Palmer

University of Nebraska at Kearney

Larry W. Hughes is an assistant professor of management at the University of Nebraska at Kearney. He received his doctorate in Leadership from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. In addition to this work, he has articles forthcoming in the Journal of Business and Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching and Leadership and Organizational Development Journal. His research interests include humor and leadership.

David K. Palmer is a professor of management at the University of Nebraska at Kearney. He received his doctorate in Organizational Behavior/Human Resource Management from Purdue University. His research has been published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, Journal of Business and Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching, Journal of Business and Psychology, Journal of Management, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Personnel Psychology, and The Employment Interview Handbook (Sage, 1999). His research interests include perceptions of time within organizations, human resource management in micropolitan contexts, selection and staffing, and job choice processes. Table 1 Participant Demographics

Employment Status

Permanent Contingent Total 46 38 Gender

Men 20 29

Women 17 6 Age

18-29 11 16

30-39 10 12

40-49 11 4

50-59 4 3

60+ 1 0 Education

High school 15 11

Some college 8 16 Bachelor's degree 12 8

Master's or doctorate degree 2 0 Table 2 Descriptive Statistics, Reliabilities, Correlations, and Average Variance Extracted

M SD [alpha] Continuance commitment 4.50 1.07 0.88 Value commitment 5.76 1.24 0.96 Organization-based self-esteem 4.12 0.77 0.93 Psychological contract,

relational 3.39 1.11 0.90 Psychological contract,

transactional 3.47 0.96 0.94

1 2 3 Continuance commitment (0.79) Value commitment 0.74 (0.85) Organization-based self-esteem 0.68 0.74 (0.75) Psychological contract,

relational 0.52 0.51 0.48 Psychological contract,

transactional 0.54 0.53 0.41

4 5 Continuance commitment Value commitment Organization-based self-esteem Psychological contract,

relational (0.85) Psychological contract,

transactional 0.76 (0.79) Note: N = 84. All correlations are significant at p = .01. Values in parentheses are square root of average variance extracted. Table 3 Hypothesis 1a and 1b Testing

Permanent Contingent

(a) (b)

M SD M SD t P Psychological contract,

relational 3.52 0.88 3.42 1.06 0.31 .76 Psychological contract,

transactional 3.36 1.13 3.43 1.10 0.47 .64 (a.) N = 46. (b.) N = 38.