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MECHANICAL GRADING OF LUMBER SAWN FROM SMALL-DIAMETER LODGEPOLE PINE, PONDEROSA PINE, AND GRAND FIR TREES FROM NORTHERN IDAHO.


CONCLUSIONS

The small-diameter grand fir and lodgepole pine trees harvested on an overstocked site in northern Idaho produced high quality visual grade lumber with good mechanical properties. This study illustrates that, in addition to favorable visual characteristics, this lumber is also a good candidate for machine stress rating. At current prices, MSR grading could increase lumber value $27/MBF for lodgepole pine 2 by 4's and $15/MBF for grand fir 2 by 4's. However, the results of this study indicated that the ponderosa pine thinnings were not good candidates for production of mechanically graded lumber. This study points out the potential value of lumber sawn from overstocked stands of timber, but demonstrates the need for an assessment process to estimate local resource capability.

The authors are, respectively, former Graduate Student and Associate Professor, Dept. of Forest Prod., Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1132; Supervisory Research General Engineer, USDA Forest Prod. Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705-2398; and Economic Development Program Leader, US Forest Serv., Northern Region, P.O. Box 7669, Missoula, MT 59807. This paper is contribution No. 906 of the Idaho Forest, Wildlife, and Range Expt. Sta. The authors acknowledge the significant contributions of Riley Creek Lumber, Laclede, ID; Western Wood Products Association, Portland, OR; and Metriguard Inc., Pullman, WA. This paper was received for publication in November 1998. Reprint No. 8909.

(+.) Forest Products Society Member.

(1.) D. Cobb. 1997. District forester, Idaho Panhandle National Forest. Personal communication.

LITERATURE CITED

(1.) American Lumber Standards Committee. 1997. Machine Graded Lumber Policy. ALSC, Germantown, Md.

(2.) American Society for Testing and Materials. 1997. Standard methods of static tests in timbers in structural sizes. ASTMD 198-94. Annual Book of Standards, Vol. 04.09. ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.

(3.) _____. 1997. Standard practice for evaluating allowable properties of grades of structural lumber. ASTM D 2915-94. Annual Book of Standards, Vol.04.09. ASTM. West Conshohocken, Pa.

(4.) _____. 1997. Standard test methods for direct moisture content measurement of wood and wood-base materials. ASTM D 4442-92. Annual Book of Standards, Vol. 04.09. ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.

(5.) _____. 1997. Standard practice for establishing allowable properties for visually graded dimension lumber from in-grade tests of full size specimens. ASTM D 1990. Annual Book of Standards, Vol. 04.09. ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.

(6.) _____. 1997. Standard test methods for specific gravity of wood and wood-base materials. ASTM D 2395-93. ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.

(7.) Brown, L.S,D.A DeVisser, R.S. Tuvey, and A.K. Roze. 1997. Mechanically graded lumber: The grading agency prospective. Wood Design Focus 8(2):3-7.

(8.) Evans, J.W., J.K. Evans, and D.W. Green. 1986. Computer programs for adjusting the mechanical properties of 2-inch dimension lumber for changes in moisture content. Gen. Tech. Rept., FPL-GTR-63. USDA Forest Serv., Forest Prod. Lab., Madison, Wis.

(9.) Fahey, T.D. and J.K. Ayer Sachet. 1993. Product recovery of ponderosa pine in Arizona and New Mexico. Res. Pap. PNWRP-467. USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Res. Sta., Portland, Oreg.

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(11.) _____. 1972. Western wood density survey: Report number 2. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-183. USDA Forest Serv., Forest Prod. Lab., Madison, Wis.

(12.) Green, D.W. and J.W. Evans. 1988. Mechanical properties of visually graded lumber. Order No. PB-88 159 371. National Technical Information Serv., Springfield, Va. 3,452 pp.

(13.) _____, R.J. Ross, and K.A. McDonald. 1994. Production of hardwood machine stress rated lumber. In: Proc. of 9th Inter. Symp. on Nondestructive Testing of Wood. September 22-24, 1993. Forest Prod. Soc., Madison, Wis. pp. 141-150.

(14.) _____ and R. Hernandez. 1998. Standards for structural wood products and their use in the United States. Wood Design Focus 9(3):3-12.

(15.) Hunter, M.L. 1990. Wildlife, Forests, and Forestry. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 370 pp.

(16.) Middleton, G.R., L.A. Jozsa, B.D. Munro, L.C. Palka, and P. Sen. 1995. Lodgepole pine product yields related to differences in stand density. IUFRO, Rome, Italy.

(17.) Spelter, H., R. Wang, and P. Ince. 1996. Economical feasibility of products from inland west small-diameter timber. Gen. Tech. Rept. FPL-GTR-92. USDA Forest Serv., Forest Prod. Lab., Madison, Wis.

(18.) Tichy, R.J. 1999. MSR Production. MSR Lumber Producers Council, Helena, Mont.

(19.) Wagner, F.G., C.E. Keegan, R.D. Fight, and S. Willits. 1997. Potential for small diameter sawtimber utilization by the current industry infrastructure in western North America. in: Proc. of Forest Management into the Next Century: What Will Make It Work?, Spokane, Wash.

(20.) Western Lumber Grading Rules 95. 1994. Western Wood Prod. Assoc., Portland, Oreg.

(21.) Willets, S., R.J. Barbour, S. Tesch, D. Ryland, J. McNeel, R. Fight, S. Kumar, G. Myers, B. Olson, and A. Mason. 1996. The Colville study: Wood utilization for ecosystem management. Gen. Tech. Rept. FPL-RP-559. USDA Forest Serv., Forest Prod. Lab., Madison, Wis.

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COPYRIGHT 2000 Forest Products Society Reproduced with permission of the copyright holder. Further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without permission.

Copyright 2000, Gale Group. All rights reserved. Gale Group is a Thomson Corporation Company.

NOTE: All illustrations and photos have been removed from this article.


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