References.
[1] H. G. J. Aitken, Taylorism at Watertown Arsenal; scientific
management in action, 1908-1915, Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
Mass., 1960.
[2] Maryam Alavi and Dorothy E. Leidner, . . .
4 From art to science.
How should we characterize the evolution of manufacturing in the
light of this examination of firearms over the course of two centuries?
As Jaikumar showed, the central problem throughout the . . .
3 Knowledge in a dynamic world.
The treatment of knowledge changed fundamentally in the dynamic
world that followed WW II. Problem solving and learning, which entailed
the development of new knowledge, had to become organic to . . .
2 Evolution of knowledge in a world of increasing
mechanization.
Machine tools, invented circa 1800, brought mechanical power and
control to metal shaping. During the first three epochs of
manufacturing, from 1800 to the early 20th century, the precision . . .
1 Introduction.
Since the first Industrial Revolution, technology has steadily
transformed living standards and daily life. The aggregate effects of
new technology--rising productivity and improving . . .
From art to science in manufacturing: the evolution of
technological knowledge.(Brief article)
Abstract
Making goods evolved over several centuries from craft production
to complex and highly automated manufacturing processes. A companion
paper by R. Jaikumar documents the transformation . . .
Author's biography.
Born June 18, 1944, in Madras, India, Ramchandran "Jai "
Jaikumar graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology (Madras) in
1967. He spent much of each year during college climbing in . . .
References.
[1] H.G.J. Aitken, Taylorism at Watertown Arsenal; scientific
management in action, 1908-1915, Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
Mass., 1960.
[2] Anonymous, "A Day At The Armory Of . . .
9 The new world of work--intelligence, volatility,
dynamism.(manufacturing epochs)
We have come full circle. The new manufacturing environment looks
remarkably similar to the world of Maudslay. Expert workers, with high
discretion, conduct a wide range of activities as needed. . . .
8 Computer Integrated Manufacturing--the dawning of a new
age.(Beretta U.S.A. Corp.)
Just as Beretta completed the renovation of manufacturing machinery
in its plants, yet another new technology began to emerge. Robots for
loading and unloading parts in machines, untended mobile . . .
7 The Numerical Control era.(Beretta U.S.A. Corp.)
Beretta acquired its first numerically controlled (NC) machines in
1976. These machines functioned automatically, performing operations and
changing tools according to numerically coded . . .
6 The Statistical Process Control era.
The first three epochs emphasized increasing mechanization in a
world that was, at least ideally, static--doing the same tasks again and
again, as efficiently as possible, at increasingly high . . .
5 The Taylor System.(Frederick Taylor's metalworking
machinery use at Beretta U.S.A. Corp.)
To Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) falls the distinction of doing for
work what a century of refinement had done for machinery. Taylor
recognized that the machinery available at the end of the . . .
4 The American System of Manufacture.
While the English were evolving a system of manufacture around the
ethos of accuracy, a new system, based on precision and
interchangeability of parts was being developed in the United States.
The . . .
3 The English System of Manufacture.(Beretta U.S.A.
Corp.)
The first change in the technology of manufacturing firearms
occurred some 300 years after Beretta began making guns. It came in the
form of the English System of Manufacture, which was introduced . . .
2 Gun-making in Gardone--the Craft System.
For hundreds of years after its inception, gun-making in Gardone,
Italy, changed little. By contrasting the practices related below to
those described subsequently in connection with the English . . .
1 Introduction (1).(manufacturing epochs)
Process control is the coordination of machines, human labor, and
the organization of work to effect the manufacture of a product. It
involves the specification and monitoring of machine setups . . .
From filing and fitting to flexible manufacturing: a study in the
evolution of process control.
Abstract
A well-known but previously unpublished monograph by Ramchandran
Jaikumar (1945-1998) on the nature and history of manufacturing. The
development of mass manufacturing ranks as one of . . .
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