U.S. presidents sure like talking about the importance of small business to the country’s overall health. For instance, Barack Obama said, "I think Ronald Reagan tapped into [the fact that people wanted] a return to that sense of dynamism and entrepreneurship that had been missing."
But, how many U.S. presidents have actually been in the trenches, running their own enterprises? Former Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney made business experience the principal reason for his election in 2012, recently saying, “I’d like to have a provision in the Constitution, to say that the president has to spend at least three years working in business before he could become president of the United States.”
While the jury’s still out on whether business know-how makes for a better president, here’s a look at eight U.S. leaders who were hard-working entrepreneurs.
George W. Bush, Invested in Texas Rangers
Term: 2001 to 2009
The first U.S. president with an MBA, Bush invested $600,000 in Major League Baseball’s Texas Rangers. In 1998 he sold his stake in the team for $15 million -- a 2,400 percent return on his initial investment.
Quote: "Prosperity results from entrepreneurship and ingenuity."
Credit: George W. Bush Library
Related: Should the U.S. President Have Business Experience? (Opinion)
George H.W. Bush, Formed Oil Development Co.
Term: 1989 to 1993
After graduating from Yale, Bush, along with neighbor John Overby, formed the Bush-Overby Oil Development Co. in 1951. Family connections helped him finance its operations, with Bush’s uncle Herbert Walker investing nearly a half million dollars. By 1953, Bush-Overby had merged with another independent oil company to form Zapata Petroleum, and in 1959 Bush moved to Houston as president of Zapata Offshore.
Credit: MSNBC
Quote: “Equality begins with economic empowerment.”
Jimmy Carter, Managed Peanut Farm
Term: 1977 to 1981
When Carter’s father died in 1953, the family farm was in danger of being lost. So, Carter made the tough decision to resign from the Navy and return to Plains, Ga., to run the struggling peanut farm. Carter reportedly threw himself into farming the way he had with his naval duties, and hard work and effective management made the Carter farm prosperous by 1959.
Quote: “It's not necessary to fear the prospect of failure but to be determined not to fail.”
Credit: Mind the Image
Harry Truman, Opened Men's Clothing Store
Term: 1945 to 1953
After serving in France during World War I, Truman returned to the U.S. and opened a men’s clothing store in Kansas City, Mo., with his wartime friend, Eddie Jacobson. The shop flourished for three years, but unfortunately failed in the postwar recession.
Quote: “I studied the lives of great men and famous women, and I found that the men and women who got to the top were those who did the jobs they had in hand, with everything they had of energy and enthusiasm and hard work.”
Related: 10 Lessons from America's Greatest Military Leaders
Credit: American Gallery
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Opened Rehabilitation Center
Term: 1933 to 1945
A victim of polio, Roosevelt founded the Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation in 1927. Still operating today, the Warm Springs, Ga.-based institute serves about 4,000 people with all types of disabilities each year.
Quote: “The country needs and, unless I mistake its temper, the country demands bold, persistent experimentation. It is common sense to take a method and try it: If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something.”
Credit: Franklin Roosevelt
Herbert Hoover, Opened Mine Engineering Business
Term: 1929 to 1933
With a geology degree from Stanford University under his belt, Hoover launched his own mine engineering business in 1908. His company employed 175,000 workers and specialized in reorganizing failing companies, seeking new mining prospects and finding investors to pay for developing the best mines.
Quote: “Competition is not only the basis of protection to the consumer, but is the incentive to progress.”
Credit: Old-Picture
Warren G. Harding, Purchased a Struggling Newspaper
Term: 1921 to 1923
In 1884, when Harding was 19, he and several partners purchased a small, struggling newspaper in Ohio called The Marion Star. His wife Florence helped manage the business operations for the newspaper, which became a financial success.
Quote: "America's present need is not heroics but healing; not nostrums but normalcy; not revolution but restoration."
Related: Small-Business Friendly Presidents
Credit: Gerrysburg Daily
Abraham Lincoln, Owned a General Store and Ran a Law Practice
Term: 1861 to 1865
The only U.S. president to receive a patent, Lincoln invented a device to lift riverboats over sandbars. He also owned a general store and ran a law practice. He has become a symbol of perseverance, always rising up in the face of failure.
Quote: "Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other one thing."
Credit: About