What are the benefits and trade-offs of having 1099 employees versus W2 employees?

We want to be as flexible as possible with hiring. However, we are hearing that there are concerns about having a lot of 1099 employees. Can you help me understand the trade-offs and benefits of having 1099 employees or W2 employees?

Technically speaking, anyone to whom you are sending a 1099 is not an “employee”; she or he is a “contractor” and calling him/her a “1099 employee” is slippery slope when regarding the view of the IRS and unemployment claims that you may end up grappling with as well. The “benefits” of having a 1099 worker are that the company doesn’t withhold income taxes, doesn’t withhold and pay Social Security and Medicare taxes and doesn’t pay unemployment taxes on what a contractor earns. Contractors like it because their untaxed checks are greater than they would receive for the same work if they were employees.

The benefit of W2 employees is that you will not be challenged by the IRS or other state or federal governing entity about the legal validity of your classifications. Many employers misclassifying employees as contractors face tax audits and lawsuits with potentially significant payouts. This is because the employer is saving money at the expense of the federal and state governments and at a detriment to the worker. So, under federal and state laws, an independent contractor must be just that--independent. It is very important to make the distinction properly. Contractors should all have specific self-determining kinds of work to do, normally in a finite time period, with defined deliverables, using their own place of work and so forth. If you look at Section Two of the IRS Publication 15-A,
you will see exactly what the IRS considers when determining whether a worker is an employee or an independent contractor (i.e., 1099 worker).

In addition, the IRS will help an organization free of charge to determine the appropriate classification for a worker or group of workers in the organization as regards federal law. To obtain that service, you simply complete and submit IRS Form SS-8 to the IRS. However, your state may have more or different requirements.

It’s not uncommon for a worker whose contract period has ended to apply for unemployment insurance benefits with a state agency. Then, when officials do not find any earnings reported for the worker, an investigation ensues. For misclassifications, the payouts most often involve benefits and lost wages including unpaid overtime.

There have been sizable awards for very high profile companies such as Microsoft and Time-Warner/AOL due to misclassification of employees as contractors. So, you may want to consider that the potential pitfalls of retaining independent contractors can outweigh the short-term savings in benefits and reduced paperwork for some firms. On the other hand, if the people you are engaging do meet the criteria of the IRS regarding independent contractors, you have well-crafted professional services agreements in place with each one and you are careful in administering their contributions and status, you will be fine.